Decorative woodwork in which thin pieces of variously colored wood (and sometimes shell, bone or ivory) are fitted together into  veneers that are then glued to a surface. Marquetry is used to decorate furniture and other objects. See also intarsia. Video here. 

Attributed to Jan van Mekeren.  Cabinet on a Stand. Oak veneered with rosewood, olivewood, ebony, holly, tulipwood, barberry and other partly green-stained marquetry woods. Ca. 1700-1710. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.